Mandibular reconstruction systems and methods

ABSTRACT

Exemplary cutting and alignment guide assemblies for use in microsurgical, plastic surgical, otolaryngological, maxillofacial, orthopedic, dental, or other surgical procedures include a first section configured to engage a first bone graft section, a second section configured to engage a second bone graft section, a first fixation mechanism configured to couple the first section with the first bone graft section, and a second fixation mechanism configured to couple the second section with the second bone graft section. The first section and the second section can be coupled via a hinge mechanism. Neo-mandible assemblies for implantation at a native mandibular defect of a patient can include a cutting and alignment guide coupled with one or more bone graft sections. In some cases, bone graft sections include bone segments from a fibula of the patient.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/188,143, filed May 13, 2021, entitled “MANDIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/320,014, filed Mar. 15, 2022, entitled “MANDIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” the disclosures thereof incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to surgical systems and methods, and in particular encompass mandibular reconstruction patient specific cutting/alignment guides, triangular plate, and related techniques for their use and implementation.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A patient specific cutting guide and alignment fixture can be used to precisely cut fibular bone grafts at predetermined locations and then conform grafts into a final orientation to construct a neo-mandible. In some embodiments, a patient specific triangular plate is installed between two rows of fibular grafts to provide the jaw structure while also allowing the screws going into fibular grafts to be recessed. Two rows of fibular grafts can be used on a case-by-case basis to build up bone height for positioning dental implants to be installed concurrently. Embodiments of the present invention encompass single barrel or single rowed configurations as well. Relatedly, in some embodiments, a single row of fibular grafts may be used to achieve bone height for positioning dental implants.

In exemplary embodiments, there would be an area of the native mandible that needs reconstruction. Often this would be a defect created at the time of surgery through mandibular osteotomies. In some cases, the area that needs reconstruction may be referred to as a defect. In an exemplary method, surgical steps can include sectioning the free flap fibula and removing it from the leg of the patient. Next, the cutting/alignment guide can be located and secured to the fibula using temporary fixation screws, for example two for each section. Thereafter, cuts can be made along the cutting guide surfaces carefully as to not cut the vascular pedicle leash. Once excess bone is removed, the cutting/alignment guide can be bent or shaped to form the neo-mandible. Next, a triangular plate can be installed in the recess superior to the cutting guide and monocortical screws can be driven into the fibula graft sections, securing them to the plate. Then the neo-mandible can be placed in the native mandibular defect region and an occlusal splint can be inserted to verify alignment. The plate can be secured to the native mandible using bicortical screws. Next, dental implants can be installed in predetermined locations that do not interfere with the cortical screws, while also angled correctly for proper occlusion with dental bridge.

In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention encompass cutting and alignment guide assemblies for use in orthopedic and dental surgical procedures. Exemplary cutting and alignment guide embodiments may be used for microsurgical, plastic surgical, otolaryngological, maxillofacial, and other surgical applications. Exemplary′ cutting and alignment guide assemblies can include a first section configured to engage a first bone graft section, a second section configured to engage a second bone graft section, a first fixation mechanism configured to couple the first section with the first bone graft section, and a second fixation mechanism configured to couple the second section with the second bone graft section. The first section and the second section can be coupled via a hinge mechanism. In some cases, the hinge mechanism enables the first section and the second section to pivot relative to one another such that the assembly can be converted from a straight orientation to a bent configuration. In some cases, the first fixation mechanism includes a first temporary fixation screw. In some cases, the first fixation mechanism includes a first temporary fixation screw and a second temporary fixation screw. In some cases, the first fixation mechanism includes a first temporary fixation screw and a second temporary fixation screw, and the second fixation mechanism includes a first temporary fixation screw and a second temporary fixation screw.

According to some embodiments, a hinge mechanism of a cutting and alignment guide assembly can include a flexural hinge or a pinned hinge. In some cases, the hinge mechanism is a flexural hinge. In some cases, the hinge mechanism is a pinned hinge. In some cases, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can include a first magnet and a second magnet in operative association with the first section. In some cases, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can further include a third section configured to engage a third bone graft section, and a third fixation mechanism configured to couple the third section with the third bone graft section. The second section and the third section can be coupled via a second hinge mechanism. In some cases, the second hinge mechanism includes a flexural hinge or a pinned hinge.

According to some embodiments, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can include a third section configured to engage a third bone graft section, a fourth section configured to engage a fourth bone graft section, a third fixation mechanism configured to couple the third section with the third bone graft section, and a fourth fixation mechanism configured to couple the fourth section with the fourth bone graft section. In some cases, the second section and the third section are coupled via a second hinge mechanism, and the third section and the fourth section are coupled via a third hinge mechanism. Although the description of exemplary embodiments may include only four fibular sections, it is understood that the present disclosure encompasses configurations involving a ramus to parasymphysis reconstruction or condyle to condyle reconstruction having five pieces, six pieces (e.g. angle to angle reconstruction with full double barrel or double rowed), or more than six pieces. Relatedly, in some cases, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can include a fifth section configured to engage a fifth bone graft section, and a sixth section configured to engage with a sixth bone graft section. In some cases, the fourth and fifth section are coupled via a fourth hinge mechanism, and the fifth and the sixth section are coupled via a fifth hinge mechanism. In other cases, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can include seven or more sections configured to engage with seven or more bone graft sections.

According to some embodiments, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can be configured to support a saw blade at a first cutting position and at a second cutting position, and a distance between the first cutting position and the second cutting position can have a value within a range from about 20 mm to about 100 mm. In some cases, the assembly is configured to support a saw blade at a first cutting position and at a second cutting position, and a distance between the first cutting position and the second cutting position has a value within a range from about 30 mm to about 50 mm. In some cases, the assembly is configured to accommodate a saw blade with a cutting edge length having a value within a range from about 25 mm to about 45 mm. In some cases, the assembly is configured to accommodate a saw blade with a thickness having a value of about 0.5 mm. In some cases, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can include or be used on conjunction with a triangular cross-sectional plate. In some cases, a triangular cross-sectional plate can have one or more recessed holes configured to receive one or more screws, respectively. In some cases, a cutting and alignment guide assembly can be configured to produce a first preoperative planning cutting plane and a second preoperative planning cutting plane, where the first preoperative planning cutting plane and the second preoperative planning cutting plane are disposed equally about an orthogonal axis. In some cases, the axis can be a hinge axis.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention encompass neo-mandible assemblies for implantation on a native mandible or native mandibular defect region of a patient. Exemplary neo-mandible assemblies include a first section, a first bone graft section, a first fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first bone graft section, a second section, a second bone graft section, a second fixation mechanism that secures the second section with the second bone graft section, and a coupling mechanism that couples the first section and the second section together. In some cases, the coupling mechanism includes a hinge mechanism that couples the first section and the second section together in pivotal association. In some embodiments, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a third section, a third bone graft section, and a third fixation mechanism that secures the third section with the third bone graft section. In some embodiments, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a third section, a third bone graft section, a third fixation mechanism that secures the third section with the third bone graft section, a fourth section, a fourth bone graft section, and a fourth fixation mechanism that secures the fourth section with the fourth bone graft section.

In another aspect, exemplary neo-mandible assemblies include a first upper bone graft section, a first lower bone graft section, a second upper bone graft section, a second lower bone graft section, a first upper fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the second upper bone graft section, and a first lower fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the second lower bone graft section. There may be more sections, as well. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section and to the second upper bone graft section. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section via a first dental fixation mechanism and to the second upper bone graft section via a second dental fixation mechanism. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section via a first dental fixation mechanism having one or more dental screws and to the second upper bone graft section via a second dental fixation mechanism having one or more dental screws. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section via a first dental fixation mechanism having a first snap abutment and a first dental screw and to the second upper bone graft section via a second dental fixation mechanism having a second snap abutment and a second dental screw. In another aspect, exemplary neo-mandible assemblies include a first section, a first upper bone graft section, a first lower bone graft section, a first upper fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first upper bone graft section, a first lower fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first lower bone graft section, a second section, a second upper bone graft section, a second lower bone graft section, a second upper fixation mechanism that secures the second section with the second upper bone graft section, and a second lower fixation mechanism that secures the second section with the second lower bone graft section. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that operates to hold the first section and the second section in fixed position relative to one another. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section and to the second upper bone graft section. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section via a first dental fixation mechanism and to the second upper bone graft section via a second dental fixation mechanism. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section via a first dental fixation mechanism having one or more dental screws and to the second upper bone graft section via a second dental fixation mechanism having one or more dental screws. In some cases, neo-mandible assemblies can further include a dental tensioning plate that is secured to the first upper bone graft section via a first dental fixation mechanism having a first snap abutment and a first dental screw and to the second upper bone graft section via a second dental fixation mechanism having a second snap abutment and a second dental screw.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention encompass methods for implanting a neo-mandible assembly on a native mandible of a patient. Exemplary methods include removing a free flap fibula bone from the patient, positioning the cutting and alignment guide assembly adjacent to the fibula bone of the patient, where the cutting and alignment guide assembly includes a first section and a second section. Methods can also include using the cutting and alignment guide assembly as a cutting guide to cut a first bone graft segment and a second bone graft segment from the fibula bone. Methods can further include fixing the first bone graft segment with the first section of the cutting and alignment guide assembly and fixing the second bone graft segment with the second section of the cutting and alignment guide assembly so as to produce the neo-mandible assembly. Methods may also include implanting the neo-mandible assembly on the native mandible or native mandibular defect of the patient. Some methods may include using the cutting and alignment guide assembly as a cutting guide to cut a third bone graft segment the fibula bone. Some methods may include fixing the third bone graft segment with a third section of the cutting and alignment guide assembly prior to implanting the neo-mandible assembly on the native mandible or native mandibular defect of the patient.

Three methods are described for fixing the neo-mandible to the native mandible. These methods may also be used to fix the neo-mandible to the ramus. In the first, referred to herein as “standard fixation”, a planar extension (referred to herein as a “phalange”) of the first section may be fixated in bicortical fashion to the native mandible. However, this phalange may project against the soft tissue.

In the second method, referred to herein as “buried fixation”, two or more round phalanges may extend from the first section towards the native mandible. A drill guide is placed over the native mandible and two drill holes are placed. Since these holes are critical to alignment, this drill guide may be fixated via screws to the native mandible, and the drill guide itself may have more plastic/metal on it than a normal drill guide. This drill guide prevents significant tilt off axis. The phalanges then may be inserted into the holes. In this manner of fixation, the phalange does not project against the soft tissue. An additional method of fixation across the first section to the native mandible, such as a countersunk compression screw over a K wire, would be placed to complete the stability of the construct.

In the third method, referred to herein as “countersunk fixation”, a planar phalange having a plurality of through-holes may extend from the first section towards the native mandible. A cutting guide may be placed over the native mandible in the location where the phalange will be inset. This area of the native mandible is cored out, including the outer cortex. The phalange is advanced into the defect and mono cortical fixation is performed. That is, a screw is driven through each hole and all the way through the native mandible to engage the inner cortex. In this manner of fixation, the phalange does not project against the soft tissue. An additional method of fixation across the first section to the native mandible, such as a countersunk compression screw over a K wire, may be placed.

While several methods of fixation of the neo-mandible to the native mandible are described, it should be understood that other methods of fixation may be used. These methods may include methods that create soft tissue projection, and methods that do not create soft tissue projection.

These and other embodiments are described in further detail in the following description related to the appended drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Specific embodiments of the disclosed device, surgical systems, or methods will now be described with reference to the drawings. Nothing in this detailed description is intended to imply that any particular component, feature, or step is essential to the invention.

FIG. 1 depicts aspects of a preoperative planning method for designing a patient specific cutting/alignment guide, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates aspects of a surgical method for mandibular reconstruction, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 depicts aspects of a cutting/alignment guide assembly, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 provides an exploded view of aspects of a surgical system or neo-mandible, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates aspects of a cutting guide, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates aspects of a cutting guide, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates aspects of a cutting guide, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 8A illustrates aspects of a pin, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8B and 8C illustrate aspects of a magnet, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate aspects of a temporary fixation screw, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate aspects of a cutting guide assembly, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 15 illustrates aspects of a cutting guide assembly, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 16 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 17 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 18 illustrates aspects of a neo-mandible, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 19 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate aspects of a triangular cross-section plate, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 21A and 21B illustrate aspects of a screw, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 22A illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments. FIGS. 22B and 22C illustrate aspects of a related surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 23 illustrates aspects of a rectangular cross-section plate, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 24A, 24B, 24C, and 24D illustrate aspects of preoperative planning cutting planes, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 25 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 26 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 27 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 28 illustrates aspects of a screw, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 29A and 29B illustrate aspects of a dental tensioning plate, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 30 illustrates aspects of a denial locator abutment, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 31 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 32 illustrates aspects of a dental lag screw, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 33 illustrates aspects of a threaded plate and locking dental screw combination, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 34 illustrates aspects of a threaded plate and locking dental screw combination, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 35A and 35B illustrate aspects of a right hinge angle lock, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 36A and 36B illustrate aspects of a left hinge angle lock, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate aspects of a set screw, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 38 illustrates aspects of a cutting/alignment guide rigid bar, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 39A and 39B illustrate aspects of a cutting/alignment guide spring, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 40 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 41 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 42 illustrates aspects of a surgical system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 43A-E illustrate “buried fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 43A illustrates the native mandible and the first section according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 43B illustrates the native mandible with a drill guide attached according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 43C illustrates the native mandible and the first section after drilling holes in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 43D illustrates the native mandible after being joined with the first section according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 43E illustrates the joined native mandible and first section with a compression screw driven over a K wire through the first lower bone graft section and into the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIGS. 44-48 further illustrate “buried fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 44 illustrates a neo-mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 45 is a left-side view of the neo-mandible of FIG. 44 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 46 illustrates the native mandible with a drilling guide installed according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 47 illustrates the native mandible after drilling holes in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 48 illustrates the native mandible with the neo-mandible installed in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 49 is a flowchart illustrating a process for implanting a neo-mandible assembly on a mandibular defect region of a patient using buried fixation according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIGS. 50A-E illustrate “countersunk fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 50A illustrates the native mandible and the first section according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 50B illustrates the native mandible with a cutting guide attached according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 50C illustrates the native mandible and the first section after cutting a channel in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 50D illustrates the native mandible after being joined with the first section according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 50E illustrates one possible method of additional fixation, namely a K wire inserted through the first lower bone graft section and into the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 50F illustrates the joined native mandible and first section with a compression screw driven over the K wire through the first lower bone graft section and into the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIGS. 51-54 further illustrate “countersunk fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 51 illustrates a neo-mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 52 illustrates the native mandible with a cutting guide installed according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 53 illustrates the native mandible after cutting a channel in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 54 illustrates the native mandible with the neo-mandible installed in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 55 is a flowchart illustrating a process for implanting a neo-mandible assembly on a mandibular defect region of a patient using countersunk fixation according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Currently available mandibular reconstructions systems and techniques can be complicated and involve long recovery times. Often, virtual surgical planning and guided resection and reconstruction of mandibular defects involves complicated 3D virtual surgical planning. However, the accuracy of a virtually planned surgery depends on the execution of the surgery. Embodiments of the present invention encompass systems and methods for cutting custom and accurate bone grafts, which are particularly well suited for use with variable patient mandible geometries, and for accommodating various locations of defects (e.g. tumors) for mandibular reconstruction. Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provide simple methods of cutting and forming bone grafts into desired shapes, which advantageously provide the surgeon with improved procedural control resulting in less operating time and better reproduction of the patient's mandibular contour.

With existing surgical techniques, dental reconstruction is often delayed 3-6 months post mandibular reconstruction surgery. Embodiments of the present invention encompass systems and methods that enable the implementation of concurrently installed dental implants during surgery which can greatly reduce the overall recovery time and also reduce the interim time that the patient would be without teeth.

Currently available mandibular reconstruction systems often involve plates and screws that protrude into the soft tissue around them and that can cause irritation. Embodiments of the present invention encompass systems and methods for nesting a triangular plate and screws between fibular grafts which can reduce irritation while also utilizing the negative space between two rows of fibular graft. Additionally, a triangular plate has greater structural rigidity in multiple axes of rotation than that of a thin anterior rectangular plate.

Existing mandibular reconstructions systems include devices that are not patient specific and are limited to mandibular osteotomies located around the symphysis region. Some existing systems involve multiple moving parts and require a multitude of steps in order to achieve a surgical outcome. Some existing systems involve plate designs that do not work with stacked rows of fibular grafts, nor do they involve recessed screws between bone. Embodiments of the present invention provide unique solutions to many of these drawbacks.

Mandibular reconstruction systems as disclosed herein can include a cutting/alignment guide having multiple moving parts. For example, a cutting/alignment guide assembly can include three primary moving parts, namely left, middle, and right sections. Each section can be fixed to a fibula using one or more temporary fixation screws. On either side of the cutting guide sections there may be either U-shaped or flat cutting guide surfaces. Between each cutting guide section there may be a hinge located at the intersection of cutting planes. Hinges can be held together with press-fit dowel pins. Each hinge can also feature angular limiting surfaces to orient the cutting/alignment guide in the straight or bent position. In some cases, a triangular cross-sectional plate can feature recessed holes for the screws, for example two screws for each section of fibula.

Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 depicts aspects of a preoperative planning method 100 for designing a patient specific cutting/alignment guide according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. As described here, a triangular plate can be used for a double row fibular graft, and a rectangular plate can be used for a single row fibular graft. In some cases, a rectangular plate can be used in the mid-mandibular position with the tension band for dental implantation. In some cases, a triangular plate can be used for a single row graft.

Referring now to FIG. 1, the method 100 may include obtaining a library of virtual templates, at 102. The library 102 may include cortical screws, at 104, plate design templates, at 106, dental implants, at 108, dental bridge templates, at 110, and similar templates. The method 100 may include performing patient 3D-CT scans and/or similar scans, at 112. The method 100 may include generating a virtual reconstruction based on the scans and virtual templates, at 114.

The method 100 may include performing a 3D scan or patient bites into a malleable mold, at 116. The method 100 may include forming a patient-specific occlusal scans and/or molds, at 118.

The method 100 may include determining whether there is a sufficient length of fibula and needed neo-mandible height for a double row fibular graft, at 120. This determination may be made by a medical doctor. If a double row fibular graft is needed, the method may include designing a patient specific triangular plate, at 122, and designing a patient specific cutting and alignment guide according to determined cutting planes, at 124. If a double row fibular graft is not needed, the method 100 may include designing a patient specific rectangular plate or triangular plate, at 126, and designing a patient specific cutting and alignment guide according to determined cutting planes, at 128.

FIG. 2 depicts aspects of a surgical method 200 for mandibular reconstruction according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. According to some embodiments, a microsurgical, plastic surgical, otolaryngological, maxillofacial, orthopedic, dental, or other surgical method may include sectioning a free flap fibula and removing it from the leg, at 202.

Next, the method 200 may include cutting graft segments using a patient specific cutting and alignment guide, at 204. In some embodiments, the guide may be 3D printed. The cutting/alignment guide can be located and secured to the fibula using one or more temporary fixations screws (e.g. one or more for each section), at 206. Exemplary fixation screw configurations will provide torsional stability. Thereafter, cuts can be made along the cutting guide surfaces carefully as to not cut the peroneal vessels. Once excess bone is removed, the cutting/alignment guide can be bent to form the neo-mandible. Next, a triangular plate can be installed in the recess superior to the cutting guide and monocortical screws can be driven into the fibula graft sections, securing them to the plate. Then the neo-mandible can be placed in the native mandible or at the native mandibular defect region and an occlusal splint can be inserted to verify alignment, at 208, and the plate can be secured to the native mandible using bicortical screws, at 210. Next, dental implants can be installed in predetermined locations that do not interfere with the cortical screws, while also angled correctly for proper occlusion with dental bridge, at 212. According to some embodiments, a microsurgeon can choose to do the microsurgical reconstruction and then do the osteotomies and cuts. In some embodiments, a microsurgeon can choose to do the bony work and then do the microsurgical reconstruction.

FIG. 3 depicts aspects of a cutting/alignment guide assembly 300 that includes three primary moving parts, namely a left cutting guide or section 310, a middle cutting guide or section 320, and a right cutting guide or section 330. The assembly 300 also includes temporary fixation screws 312A, 312B, dowel pin hinges 324A, 324B, magnets 336A, 336B. Further, the assembly 300 includes a hinge position blocker 340. Hence, a cutting/alignment guide assembly 300 can include three primary moving parts: left 310, middle 320, and right sections 330. Each section can be fixed to a fibula using one or more temporary fixation screws. In some cases, more than two temporary fixation screws may be used. On either side of the cutting guide sections there can be either U-shaped or flat cutting guide surfaces. Between each cutting guide section a hinge can be located at the intersection of cutting planes. Hinges can be held together with press-fit dowel pins. Each hinge can also feature angular limiting surfaces to orient the cutting/alignment guide in the straight or bent position. The patient specific cutting guide and alignment fixture 300 can be used to precisely cut fibular bone grafts at predetermined locations and then conform grafts into final orientation to construct a neo-mandible.

FIG. 4 provides an exploded view of aspects of an exemplary surgical system 400 according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown here, system 400 includes a cutting/alignment guide assembly 402 that includes multiple parts, namely a left cutting guide or section 410, a middle cutting guide or section 420, and a right cutting guide or section 430. The assembly 402 also includes temporary fixation screws 412A, 412B, 422A, 422B, 432A, 432B, dowel pin hinges 424A, 424B, and magnets 416A, 416B, 426A, 426B, 436A, 436B. In some embodiments, magnets can be optional. As shown in FIG. 4, system 400 also includes a first fibula graft 442, a second fibula graft 444, and a third fibula graft 446, as well as set screws 411A, 411B, 411C, 411D, a left angle locker 413A, and a right angle locker 413B.

According to some embodiments, magnets on one side of each cutting guide surface can operate to maintain a constant bias to one side and to reduce blade chatter. In some embodiments, systems may include a two sectioned cutting/alignment guide. In some embodiments, systems may include a four or more sectioned cutting/alignment guide.

Cutting guides may be 3D printed out of biocompatible surgical guide resin, or may be machined out of Radel® polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), stainless steel, or any other biocompatible material. A triangular plate may be 3D printed out of biocompatible titanium alloys such as Ti 6A1-4V, or may be machined out of stainless steel, titanium or any other biocompatible alloy.

Embodiments of the present invention encompass systems and methods that involve a cutting/alignment guide that is configured to cut bone grafts ranging in size from 20 to 100 millimeters in length. In some cases, a cutting/alignment guide can be configured to cut bone grafts ranging in size from 30 to 50 millimeters in length. In some instances, the cutting guides can be configured to accommodate blades 25 to 45 millimeters in cutting edge length and blade thicknesses of up to 0.5 millimeters thick. In some cases, systems or devices can incorporate flexural hinges instead of pinned hinges. In some cases, systems or devices can incorporate one long patient specific anterior plate. In some cases, systems or devices can incorporate one or more mini-plates to secure a single row of fibular grafts instead of a triangular plate. In some cases, systems or devices can incorporate one or more mini-plates in a double barrel configuration.

Advantageously, embodiments disclosed herein provide the ability to be used for both cutting and forming bone graft for any section of the mandible and the ability to conform to varying patient mandible sizes and shapes. What is more, exemplary embodiments, encompass techniques that involve nesting a triangular plate and screws between fibular grafts, which can reduce irritation while also utilizing the negative space between two rows of fibular graft. Additionally, a triangular plate has greater structural rigidity in multiple axes of rotation than that of a thin anterior rectangular plate. Hence, systems and methods disclosed herein can be preferred over existing plate and screw devices that protrude into the soft tissue around them and that cause irritation. Yet further still, exemplary systems and methods disclosed herein enable the use of a reduced number of parts and steps involved with cutting and forming fibular grafts into final position. The simplicity exemplary devices enables easy operation and reduces the likelihood of surgeon misplacing or mixing up parts.

FIG. 5 depicts aspects of a left cutting guide 510, which includes an angle lock holder 517. FIG. 6 depicts aspects of a middle cutting guide 620, which includes a first angle lock holder 617A and a second angle lock holder 617B. FIG. 7 depicts aspects of a right cutting guide 730, which includes an angle lock holder 717. FIG. 8A depicts aspects of a pin 800, such as a M2×8 dowel pin. FIGS. 8B and 8C depict aspects of a magnet 810 according to embodiments of the present invention. In some cases, a magnet 810 can be a 10×20×1.7 mm neodymium magnet.

FIGS. 9A and 9B depict aspects of a temporary fixation screw 900 according to embodiments of the present invention. In some cases, a fixation screw 900 can be a 4 mm hex driven screw. In some cases, a fixation screw 900 can have a length L of about 20 mm. Embodiments of the present invention encompass alternative configurations as well.

FIG. 10 provides a cross-section view of aspects of a surgical system 1000, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown here, surgical system 1000 includes a fibular graft segment 1042, a cutting guide section 1010, and a temporary fixation screw 1012A.

FIG. 11A depicts a surgical system 1100 in a bent configuration or orientation. Referring to FIG. 11A, the surgical system 1100 includes a left section 1110, a middle section 1120, and a right section 1130. Also shown in FIG. 11A is a right hinge angle lock 1102 installed on the hinge joining the middle section 1120 and the right section 1130. The right hinge angle lock 1102 is depicted in more detail in FIGS. 35A,B. FIG. 11B depicts the surgical system 1100 of FIG. 11A in a straight configuration or orientation.

FIG. 12A provides an isometric view of a surgical system 1200, according to embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 12A, the surgical system 1200 includes a left section 1210, a middle section 1220, and a right section 1230. FIG. 12B illustrates aspects of a surgical system 1200 according to embodiments, of the present invention. As shown here, surgical system 1200 includes fibular grafts 1241, 1243, a sagittal saw blade 1250, and temporary fixation screws 1211, 1213. In some embodiments, a cutting/alignment guide can be designed to cut bone grafts ranging in size from 20 to 100 millimeters in length, though sizes ranging from 30 to 50 millimeters may be more common. Exemplary cutting guides can accommodate blades 25 to 45 millimeters in cutting edge length and blade thicknesses of up to 0.5 millimeters thick.

FIGS. 13A and 13B depict aspects of a cutting/alignment guide assembly, according to embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment provides a parasymphysis to parasymphysis (straight) cutting guide. As shown in FIG. 13A, a cutting/alignment guide assembly 1300A can include a cutting/alignment guide rigid bar 1310. As shown in FIG. 13B, a cutting/alignment guide assembly 1300B (bent orientation) can include a cutting/alignment guide spring 1320. FIG. 14A provides a cross-section view of aspects of a surgical system 1400 having a patient specific triangular plate 1470, according to embodiments of the present invention. System 1400 also includes an upper fibular graft 1442 and a lower fibular graft 1444. As shown in FIG. 14B, surgical system 1400 can also include a dental implant 1480 and one or more monocortical screws 1482A, 1482B. In some cases, a patient specific triangular plate can be installed between two rows of fibular grafts to provide the jaw structure while also allowing the screws going into fibular grafts to be recessed. Two rows of fibular grafts may be used on a case-by-case basis to build up bone height for positioning dental implants to be installed concurrently. In some cases, a triangular cross-section plate or a dental implant can include one or more recessed holes for receiving one or more screws, respectively.

FIG. 15 depicts aspects of a cutting/alignment guide assembly 1500 in a bent orientation, according to embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 15, the surgical system 1500 includes a left section 1510, a middle section 1520, and a right section 1530.

FIG. 16 depicts aspects of a surgical system 1600, according to embodiments of the present invention. System 1600 also includes an upper fibular graft 1642 and a lower fibular graft 1644.

FIG. 17 depicts aspects of a surgical system 1700, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in this superior view, the fibular grafts are installed in a native mandible or native mandibular defect 1701. This image shows the three screws on the native symphysis with two stacked on top of each other. It is understood that in exemplary embodiments, this can be done with all three screws positioned in a row.

FIG. 18 depicts aspects of a double rowed neo-mandible embodiment. The surgical system 1800 includes an upper fibular graft row 1810, a triangular plate 1820, and a lower fibular graft row 1830. In some cases, a patient specific triangular plate can be installed between two rows of fibular grafts to provide the jaw structure while also allowing the screws going into fibular grafts to be recessed. Two rows of fibular grafts may be used on a case-by-case basis to build up bone height for positioning dental implants to be installed concurrently.

FIG. 19 depicts aspects of a surgical system 1900, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in this lateral view, the fibular grafts are installed in a native mandible or native mandibular defect 1901. FIGS. 20A and 20B depict aspects of a triangular plate 2000, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 21A and 21B depict aspects of a monocortical fixation screw 2100, according to embodiments of the present invention. In some cases, the screw 2100 can be a HA 2×7 mm T10 hexalobe screw.

FIG. 22A depicts aspects of a surgical system 2200A, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in this lateral view, three fibular grafts 2212A, 2214A, and 2216A are installed in a native mandible 2201A. In this figure, the surgical system 2200A is provided as a single fibular graft row embodiment, and a tension band 2202A engages two of the three segments, while the third segment is free.

FIG. 22B depicts aspects of a surgical system 2200B, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in this lateral view, three fibular grafts 2212B, 2214B, and 2216B are installed in a native mandible 2201B. In this figure, the surgical system 2200B is provided as a single fibular graft row embodiment, and a tension band 2202B engages each of the three segments. Hence, in contrast to FIG. 22A, it can be seen in FIG. 22B that a tensioning plate can be extended to interface with the third fibular graft 2216B.

FIG. 22C provides another view of aspects of surgical system 2200B. In this view, it can be seen that embodiments of the present invention encompass a single rowed neo-mandible having three fibular grafts 2212B, 2214B, and 2216B with a tensioning band 2202B that connects to the third fibular graft 2216B with mono-cortical screws. Hence, the tensioning band 2202B can involve all segments and the screws on the tensioning band 2202B in the non-implant position can simply be monocortical screws. Accordingly, with the tensioning band 2202B going over all segments, the fibular grafts 2212B, 2214B, and 2216B can maintain their 3-D relationship throughout the reconstruction, which is one of the major advantages of this system. In this image depicting a single fibular graft row with a rectangular plate and dental tensioning band 2202B, there is little or no space between the plate and the upper ramus section of the neo-mandible.

FIG. 23 depicts aspects of a tensioning band 2300, according to embodiments of the present invention. In some cases, a rectangular plate can be used in the mid-mandibular position with the tensioning band for dental implantation. It is understood that embodiments of the present invention encompass two reconstruction formations with the single barrel configuration. In one reconstruction formation with a triangular plate, the fibular pieces are held in place as with the double barrel configuration and the fixation plate is placed against the fibula to make the neo-mandible. In another reconstruction formation with a rectangular plate, the tension band is placed, the temporary screws and fixation holding the fibular pieces is removed, and the rectangular plate is applied.

FIGS. 24A, 24B, 24C, and 24D depict certain optional aspects of preoperative planning cutting planes, according to some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, cuts can be made equally about the orthogonal axis. In some instances, not having equal cuts may result in an offset on one side. In some embodiments, fibular cuts can be made equally about the orthogonal axis. In some instances, not having equally angled cuts can result in an offset on one side on the graft. Notwithstanding the above, it is understood that in some embodiments, configurations may not be designed as they are shown here. In some cases, the fibula changes caliber and therefore the osteotomies are intentionally not designed exactly around the orthogonal axis so as to create the correction for what would otherwise be a mismatch.

FIG. 25 depicts aspects of a surgical system 2500, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown here, a system 2500 can include a dental tensioning plate 2510 placed on a neo-mandible 2520. In some embodiments, the neo-mandible assembly 2520 includes one or more sections coupled with one or more respective bone graft segments. An individual bone graft segment can be a fibular bone graft segment, for example. FIG. 26 depicts aspects of a surgical system 2600, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown here, a system 2600 can include a dental tensioning plate 2610 placed on a neo-mandible assembly 2620.

FIG. 27 depicts aspects of a surgical system 2700, according to embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 27, the system 2700 includes an upper fibular graft 2742 and a lower fibular graft 2744. As shown here, a system 2700 can include a snap abutment 2710, a dental tensioning plate 2720, a dental screw 2730, and a triangular plate 2740. As illustrated in this figure, the surgical system 2700 can be provided as a dental plate and orthopedic dental implant embodiment. In some cases, a patient specific triangular plate can be installed between two rows of fibular grafts to provide the jaw structure while also allowing the screws going into fibular grafts to be recessed. Two rows of fibular grafts may be used on a case-by-case basis to build up bone height for positioning dental implants to be installed concurrently.

FIG. 28 depicts aspects of a screw 2800, according to embodiments of the present invention. In some cases, the screw 2800 can be a monocortical dental screw. In some cases, the screw 2800 can include a cortical fixation thread 2810 and a cancellous fixation thread 2820. In some embodiments surface treatments or coating (porous structure) may be used to enhance osteointegration. FIGS. 29A and 29B depict aspects of a dental tensioning plate 2900, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 30 depicts aspects of a dental locator abutment 3000, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 31 depicts aspects of a surgical system 3100, according to embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 31, the system 3100 includes an upper fibular graft 3142 and a lower fibular graft 3144. As shown here, a system 3100 can include a lag screw 3110 that goes through both rows of fibula. FIG. 32 depicts aspects of a dental lag screw 3200, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 33 provides a cross-section view of a threaded plate and locking dental screw embodiment. As shown here, the surgical system 3300 includes a screw 3310 having a triple-lead m thread 3320, a cortical fixation thread 3330, and a cancellous fixation thread 3340. In some cases, all threads have the same pitch. FIG. 34 depicts aspects of an embodiment having a threaded plate 3410 and locking dental screws 3420.

FIGS. 35A and 35B depict aspects of a right hinge angle lock 3500, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIGS. 36A and 36B depict aspects of a left hinge angle lock 3600, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIGS. 37A and 37B depict aspects of a set screw 3700, according to embodiments of the present invention. In some cases, a set screw 3700 can be a M2.5×3 mm set screw. FIG. 38 depicts aspects of a cutting/alignment guide rigid bar 3800, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIGS. 39A and 39B depict aspects of a cutting/alignment guide spring 3900, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 40 depicts aspects of a surgical system 4000, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown here, a system 4000 can include a single row of three fibular grafts 4012, 4014, and 4016 neo-mandibular construct with non-protruding plate and dental implants. FIG. 41 depicts aspects of a surgical system 4100, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in this cross-sectional view, a system 4100 can include a single barrel neo-mandible with a non-protruding plate. FIG. 42 depicts aspects of a surgical system 4200, according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown here, a system 4200 can include a non-protruding plate and dental implant locator.

Embodiments of the present invention encompass various techniques for achieving the double barrel conformation. The cutting guide can be fixed to the fibula and the fibula is cut, and the lower and upper rows can come together. This can be accomplished with an all-in-one system design that involves rotation around a hinge. Alternatively, this can be accomplished with a two-part system design that allows the two barrels to move independently.

FIGS. 43A-E illustrate “buried fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. FIG. 43A illustrates the native mandible 4300 and the first section 4302 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. The first section 4302 may include two or more round phalanges 4304 that extend from the first section 4302 towards the native mandible 4300. In the embodiment of FIG. 43A the first section 4302 has a triangular cross-section. In other embodiments the first section 4302 may have cross-sections of other shapes.

FIG. 43B illustrates the native mandible 4300 with a drill guide 4306 attached according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. The drill guide 4306 may be attached to the native mandible 4300 in any manner. For example, the drill guide 4306 may be attached to the native mandible 4300 with one or more screws. The drill guide 4306 may wrap around two surfaces of the native mandible, for example as shown in FIG. 43B. The drill guide 4306 may include two or more tubes to guide the drill to prevent the driller from tilting the drill off axis.

FIG. 43C illustrates the native mandible 4300 and the first section 4302 after drilling holes 4312 in the native mandible 4300 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. After drilling the holes 4312, the native mandible 4300 and the first section 4302 may be joined by inserting the phalanges 4304 into the holes 4312, as shown by the horizontal arrow in FIG. 43C.

FIG. 43D illustrates the native mandible 4300 after being joined with the first section 4302 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Also shown attached to the first section 4302 are a first upper bone graft section 4308 and a first lower bone graft section 4310. FIG. 43D also illustrates a K wire 4316 inserted through the first lower bone graft section 4310 and into the native mandible 4300.

FIG. 43E illustrates the joined native mandible 4300 and first section 4302 with a compression screw 4318 driven over the K wire 4314 in the first lower bone graft section 4310 and into the native mandible 4300 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. In other embodiments, other methods of fixation may be used.

FIGS. 44-48 further illustrate “buried fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 44 illustrates a neo-mandible 4400 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Referring to FIG. 44, the neo-mandible 4400 may include three sections 4402A,B,C. The neo-mandible 4400 may also include upper bone graft sections 4408A,B and lower bone graft sections 4410A,B,C. The upper bone graft sections 4408A,B may be attached to sections 4402A,B, respectively, while the lower bone graft sections 4410A,B,C may be attached to sections 4402A,B,C, respectively. The first section 4402A may include two or more phalanges 4404 for insertion into the native mandible. Other embodiments may have more or fewer sections.

FIG. 45 is a left-side view of the neo-mandible 4400 of FIG. 44 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Referring to FIG. 45, the first section 4402A, the phalanges 4404, and the first upper and lower bone graft sections 4408A, 4410A are shown.

FIG. 46 illustrates the native mandible with a drilling guide 4606 installed according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Fixation may be at least monocortical and thus on the buccal surface of the mandible.

FIG. 47 illustrates the native mandible after drilling holes 4712 in the native mandible using the drilling guide 4606 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 48 illustrates the native mandible with the neo-mandible 4400 installed in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 49 is a flowchart illustrating a process 4900 for implanting a neo-mandible assembly on a mandibular defect region of a patient using buried fixation according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. The elements of the processes described in this disclosure are presented in one arrangement. However, it should be understood that one or more elements of each process may be performed in a different order, in parallel, omitted entirely, and the like. Furthermore, each process may include other elements in addition to those presented.

Referring to FIG. 49, the process 4900 may include providing a neo-mandible assembly, at 4902. For example, the neo-mandible assembly 4400 of FIG. 44 may be provided. The neo-mandible assembly may include a first section, a first upper bone graft section, a first lower bone graft section, a first upper fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first upper bone graft section, a first lower fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first lower bone graft section, and a plurality of phalanges extending from the first section and arranged to mate with corresponding holes in the native mandible, for example as illustrated in FIGS. 43A-E and 44.

Referring again to FIG. 49, the process 4900 may include installing a drilling guide on the native mandible, at 4904. For example, the drilling guide may be as shown in FIGS. 43B and 46 and described with reference thereto.

Referring again to FIG. 49, the process 4900 may include drilling a plurality of holes in the native mandible using the drilling guide, at 4906. For example, the holes may be as shown in FIGS. 43C and 47 and described with reference thereto. Referring again to FIG. 49, the process 4900 may include placing the plurality of phalanges into the plurality of holes, at 4908.

The process 4900 may include installing a K wire through the first lower bone graft section and into the native mandible, at 4910. For example, the K wire may be inserted as shown in FIG. 43D and described with reference thereto.

Referring again to FIG. 49, the process 4900 may include installing a compression screw over the K wire to join the first lower bone section with the native mandible, at 4912. For example, the compression screw may be installed as shown in FIG. 43E and described with reference thereto. In other embodiments, other methods of fixation may be used.

FIGS. 50A-E illustrate “countersunk fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. FIG. 50A illustrates the native mandible 5000 and the first section 5002 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. The first section 5002 may include a phalange 5004 that extend from the first section 5002 towards the native mandible 5000. The phalange 5004 may include a plurality of through-holes as shown. For example, the phalange 5004 may include three or four through-holes, although other numbers of holes may be used instead. In the embodiment of FIG. 50A the first section 5002 has a rectangular cross-section. In other embodiments the first section 5002 may have cross-sections of other shapes.

FIG. 50B illustrates the native mandible 5000 with a cutting guide 5006 attached according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. The cutting guide 5006 may be attached to the native mandible 5000 in any manner. For example, the cutting guide 5006 may be attached to the native mandible 5000 with two or more screws for torsional stability, as shown. The cutting guide 5006 may wrap around two surfaces of the native mandible, for example as shown in FIG. 50B.

FIG. 50C illustrates the native mandible 5000 and the first section 5002 after cutting a channel 5012 in the native mandible 5000 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. After cutting the channel 5012, the native mandible 5000 and the first section 5002 may be joined by inserting the phalange 5004 into the channel 5012, as shown by the horizontal arrow in FIG. 50C.

FIG. 50D illustrates the native mandible 5000 after being joined with the first section 5002 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Also shown attached to the first section 5002 are a first upper bone graft section 5008 and a first lower bone graft section 5010.

FIG. 50E illustrates a K wire 5016 inserted through the first lower bone graft section 5010 and into the native mandible 5000 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. FIG. 50F illustrates the joined native mandible 5000 and first section 5002 with a compression screw 5018 driven over the K wire in the first lower bone graft section 5010 and into the native mandible 5000 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIGS. 51-54 further illustrate “countersunk fixation” of the neo-mandible to the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 51 illustrates a neo-mandible 5100 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Referring to FIG. 51, the neo-mandible 5100 may include three sections 5102A,B,C. The neo-mandible 5100 may also include upper bone graft sections 5108A,B and lower bone graft sections 5110A,B,C. The upper bone graft sections 5108A,B may be attached to sections 5102A,B, respectively, while the lower bone graft sections 5110A,B,C may be attached to sections 5102A,B,C, respectively. The first section 5102A may include a phalange 5104 for insertion into the native mandible.

FIG. 52 illustrates the native mandible with a cutting guide 5206 installed according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Referring to FIG. 52, the cutting guide 5206 may be held to the native mandible with two or more screws.

FIG. 53 illustrates the native mandible after cutting a channel 5312 in the native mandible according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 54 illustrates the native mandible with the neo-mandible 5100 installed in the native mandible using the cutting guide 5206 according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 55 is a flowchart illustrating a process 5500 for implanting a neo-mandible assembly on a mandibular defect region of a patient using countersunk fixation according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

Referring to FIG. 55, the process 5500 may include providing a neo-mandible assembly, at 5502. For example, the neo-mandible assembly 5100 of FIG. 51 may be provided. The neo-mandible assembly may include a first section, a first upper bone graft section, a first lower bone graft section, a first upper fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first upper bone graft section, a first lower fixation mechanism that secures the first section with the first lower bone graft section, and a phalange extending from the first section and arranged to mate with a corresponding channel in the native mandible. The phalange may have at least one through-hole, and preferably three or more, for example as illustrated in FIGS. 43A-E.

Referring again to FIG. 55, the process 5500 may include installing a cutting guide on the native mandible, at 5504. For example, the cutting guide may be as shown in FIGS. 50B and 52 and described with reference thereto.

Referring again to FIG. 55, the process 5500 may include cutting a channel through the outer cortex of the native mandible using the cutting guide, at 5506. For example, the channel may be as shown in FIGS. 50C and 53 and described with reference thereto. Referring again to FIG. 55, the process 5500 may include placing the phalange into the channel, and securing the phalange to the native mandible by placing a respective screw through each of the through-holes in the phalange and into the inner cortex of the native mandible, at 5508.

The process 5500 may include installing a K wire through the first lower bone section and into the native mandible, at 5510. For example, the K wire may be inserted as shown in FIG. 50E and described with reference thereto.

Referring again to FIG. 55, the process 5500 may include installing a compression screw over the K wire to join the first lower bone section with the native mandible, at 5512. For example, the compression screw may be installed as shown in FIG. 50F and described with reference thereto. In other embodiments, other methods of fixation may be used.

Embodiments of the present invention encompass kits having mandibular reconstruction system as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the kit includes one or more mandibular reconstruction system components, along with instructions for using the device(s) for example according to any of the methods disclosed herein.

All features of the described systems and devices are applicable to the described methods mutatis mutandis, and vice versa.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, one of skill in the art will appreciate that certain changes, modifications, alternate constructions, and/or equivalents may be practiced or employed as desired, and within the scope of the appended claims. In addition, each reference provided herein in incorporated by reference in its entirety to the same extent as if each reference were individually incorporated by reference. Relatedly, all publications, patents, patent applications, journal articles, books, technical references, and the like mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, patent application, journal article, book, technical reference, or the like was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A neo-mandible assembly for implantation on a native mandible of a patient, the neo-mandible assembly comprising: a plate; an upper bone graft section; a lower bone graft section; one or more first screws that secure the plate with the upper bone graft section; one or more second screws that secure the plate with the lower bone graft section; and a phalange extending from the plate and arranged to mate with a corresponding void formed in the native mandible such that the phalange does not project against soft tissue of the patient.
 2. The neo-mandible assembly according to claim 1, wherein: the phalange extends from the plate and is arranged to mate with a corresponding channel in the native mandible, the phalange having at least one through-hole; and the neo-mandible assembly further comprises a plurality of screws each to be placed through a respective one of the through-holes in the phalange and into the inner cortex of the native mandible.
 3. The neo-mandible assembly according to claim 2, further comprising: a compression screw configured to join the lower bone section with the native mandible.
 4. The neo-mandible assembly according to claim 1, wherein: the phalange comprises a plurality of the phalanges; and the phalanges extend from the plate and are arranged to mate with corresponding holes in the native mandible.
 5. The neo-mandible assembly according to claim 4, further comprising: a compression screw configured to join the first lower bone section with the native mandible.
 6. A method for implanting a neo-mandible assembly on a mandibular defect region of a patient, the method comprising: providing the neo-mandible assembly, the neo-mandible assembly comprising: a plate, an upper bone graft section, a lower bone graft section, one or more first screws that secure the plate with the upper bone graft section, one or more second screws that secure the plate with the lower bone graft section, and a phalange extending from the plate and arranged to mate with a corresponding void formed in the native mandible such that the phalange does not project against soft tissue of the patient; installing a cutting guide on the native mandible; forming the void in the native mandible; and placing the phalange into the channel.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: forming the void in the native mandible comprises cutting a channel through the outer cortex of the native mandible using the cutting guide; wherein the phalange has at least one through-hole; and the method further comprises installing a screw through each through-hole in the phalange and into the inner cortex of the native mandible.
 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: forming the void in the native mandible comprises drilling a plurality of holes in the native mandible using the cutting guide; wherein the neo-mandible assembly comprises a plurality of the phalanges; and the method further comprises placing the plurality of phalanges into the plurality of holes drilled into the native mandible.
 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: installing a K wire through the lower bone graft section and into the native mandible; drilling a hole over the K wire; and installing a compression screw into the hole and into the native mandible.
 10. A cutting and alignment guide assembly for use in a surgical procedure, the assembly comprising: a first section configured to engage a first bone graft section; a second section configured to engage a second bone graft section; a first fixation screw configured to couple the first section with the first bone graft section; and a second fixation screw configured to couple the second section with the second bone graft section; and wherein the first section and the second section are coupled via a hinge.
 11. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, wherein the hinge enables the first section and the second section to pivot relative to one another such that the assembly can be converted from a straight orientation to a bent orientation.
 12. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, wherein the hinge comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a flexural hinge and a pinned hinge.
 13. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, further comprising a first magnet and a second magnet in operative association with the first section.
 14. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, further comprising: a third section configured to engage a third bone graft section; and a third fixation screw configured to couple the third section with the third bone graft section, wherein the second section and the third section are coupled via a second hinge.
 15. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 14, wherein the second hinge comprises a flexural hinge or a pinned hinge.
 16. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, further comprising: a third section configured to engage a third bone graft section; a fourth section configured to engage a fourth bone graft section; a third fixation screw configured to couple the third section with the third bone graft section; and a fourth fixation screw configured to couple the fourth section with the fourth bone graft section, wherein the second section and the third section are coupled via a second hinge, and wherein the third section and the fourth section are coupled via a third hinge.
 17. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, further comprising a triangular cross-sectional plate.
 18. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, further comprising a first magnet and a second magnet in operative association with the first section.
 19. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, wherein the assembly is configured to produce a first preoperative planning cutting plane and a second preoperative planning cutting plane, and wherein the first preoperative planning cutting plane and the second preoperative planning cutting plane are disposed equally about an orthogonal axis.
 20. The cutting and alignment guide assembly according to claim 10, wherein the assembly is configured to accommodate a saw blade with a thickness having a value of about 0.5 mm. 